Is there a time of day or night in which the most severe natural particle of nature stops obeying Einstein’s rules? The answer to this question, as bizarre as it seems, could tell scientists something very important about the laws of physics that manage the cosmos.
In the first such experiment spent on the most powerful world accelerarator of the particle, Great Hadron collision (LHC), scientists have tried to find out if the most severe elementary particle of the universe – a particle not composed of other smaller particles – is always obeyed by Einstein’s 1905 theory. Special relativity.
More specifically, a team managed by LHC Compact Moon Solenoid (CMS) The detector wanted to know if one of the rules on which a special relativity is being built, called “Lorentz symmetry”, always lingers upper quarters.
Lorentz symmetry He states that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers who are not accelerated. This means that the results of the experiment should be independent of the orientation of the experiment or the speed at which it is done.
However, some theories suggest that, at extremely high energies, special relativity fails as a result of lorentz or lorentz symmetry violation.
The laws of physics, therefore, could be distinguished for observers in different reference frameworks. This would mean that experimental observations depended on the orientation of the experiment in space-time (four-dimensional unification of space and time). This would result in an earthquake in many of our best cosmos theories including Standard model particle physics, which is based on special relativity.
“The remains of such lorentz symmetry of breaking could be noticed in lower energies, such as LHC energy, but despite previous efforts, they are not found in LHC or other colliders “, CMS collaboration wrote in a statement.
The CMS team started looking for such remains of Lorentz symmetry that break through using pairs of the most severe basic particles of nature, top -notch quarth.
Quark about an hour!
Quartzs are particles in Standard particle physics model that bind and contain particles like protons and Neutrons.
There are six “flavors” quark with increasing mass: up, down (found in protons and neutrons), charm, strange, upper and bottom. The hardest of them is a top-notch quartz, which possesses about the same mass as the gold atom (about 173 Giga-electronvolt).
CMS researchers concluded that if the collisions between the proton had accelerated inLight speeds In LHC, it depends on orientation, then the speed at which the pairs of top-notch areas produced such events should be distinguished with time.
This is because, as Earth It turns, the direction of proton beams generated to the collisions of particles in strong changes in the accelerator of the particle. Therefore, the direction of the upper quarters should also be created by such collisions.
Wild, it means that the number of quarters created should depend on the time of the collision day!
Thus, if there is a preferred direction in space-time and signs of lorentz symmetry of breaking, there should be a deviation from the constant speed of the upper quarter couple’s production in LHC depending on the time of the day when the experiment is carried out!
Using data from Start 2 LHCwhich was carried out between 2015 and 2018, the CMS collaboration did not find such a deviation.
This means that they did not find the signs of Lorentz’s symmetry of breaking, and therefore no evidence of the upper quarters that defy Einstein, no matter what the oriented proton beams (or that happened the time of the day).
So Einstein’s theory about relativity is safe about an hour. Well, for now, at least.
Upgraded LHC -O’s third and stronger operational work Run started in 2022 and should be concluded next year. The team will seek signs of lorentz symmetry that break in the collisions of more energy proton-produce.
“The results are the way to future searches of Lorentz symmetry, which are broken on the basis of data with the highest quartz from the third LHC driving,” CMS’s collaboration wrote. “They also open a process to monitor the process that includes other heavy particles that can only be explored on LHC, like, like Higgs Boson AND W and Z Barefoot. “
Team Research was published in late 2024. In the magazine Letters of Physics B.
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