Astronomers are trying to discover the evidence that the worlds have existed around the stars except our sun since the 19th century. In the mid-1990s, the technology finally caught the desire for discovery and led to the first discovery of a planet that had orbit in another star like the sun, Pegasi 51b. Why did it take so much time to discover these distant worlds and what techniques of astronomers use to find them?
One of the most famous methods of exoplanet detection is transit methodused Kepler and other observatory. When the planet goes before his host star, the light from the star slightly falls into brightness. Scientists can confirm the planet orbit their host star repeatedly revealing these incredibly tiny windows in brightness using sensitive instruments. If you can imagine that you try to discover the fall in light from a huge reflectors when the ant crosses in front of it, at a distance of tens of kilometers, you can start seeing how difficult it can be to notice the planet from light years! Another disadvantage of the transit method is that the distant solar system must be at a favorable angle to our stop here on Earth – if the angle of the remote system is just a little bypass, there will be no transat. Even in our solar system, transit is very rare. For example, in this century, two transcendants of Venus are visible in our sun. But the next time Venus crosses the sun as you can see from Earth, it will be at the age of 2117 – more than a century since the 2012 transit, although Venus will end up nearly 150 orbit around the sun by then!
On the detainee of the Doppler shift of the stars spectrum, the Pegasi 51B, the first planet revealed around a star like the sun, was used to find the Pegasi 51b. This technique is called radial speed or “wobble” method. The astronomers divided the visible light that the star emitted into the rainbow. These spectrums and gaps between normal smooth lights of light help determine the elements that make up the star. However, if there is a planet that orbits the star, it causes the star to get away so slightly forward -aid. This in turn will cause the lines inside the spectrum to move so little to the blue and red areas of the spectrum, as the star takes place a little towards us. This is caused Blue and red shifts Star lights. By carefully measuring the amount of shift in the spectrum of the star, astronomers can determine the size of an object that pulls the host star and if the companion is truly a planet. By monitoring the variation in this periodic displacement of the spectrum, they can also determine the time that needs planets to orbit your home star.
Finally, exoplanets can be detected Direct recording They, like this picture of four planets, found the orbit of the HR 8799 star! Space telescopes use instruments called corona To block the bright light from the host star and catch a dim light from the planet. Hubble’s space telescope has Taken pictures of giant planets that orbit several nearby systemsand the James Webb space telescope only improved on these observations By discovering more details, such as the colors and spectrum of the atmosphere of exoplanets, temperatures, detecting potential exomons, and even scanning atmosphere for potential biosignation!
More information and activities can be found on Nasa -ini exoplanets a page, such as Eyes on exoplanets a program based on a browser, Exoplaneersand some of The latest news of exoplanets. Finally, you can find more resources in our The news and resource sectionincluding a smart demo About how astronomers use the WOBBE method to detect planets!
The future of exoplanet discovery is just beginning, promising rich rewards in human understanding of our place in space, from where we are and if there is life elsewhere in our cosmos.
Originally published by Dave Prosper: July 2015
Last time updated Kat Troche: April 2025
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